{"id":5384,"date":"2022-08-03T10:49:20","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T15:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/whia.us\/?p=5384"},"modified":"2022-08-12T00:40:19","modified_gmt":"2022-08-12T05:40:19","slug":"u-s-lawmakers-demand-federal-scrutiny-of-turkeys-dron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/whia.us\/en\/5384\/","title":{"rendered":"U.S. Lawmakers Demand Federal Scrutiny of Turkey\u2019s Dron"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>by Umar Farooq<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As countries around the globe add armed drones to their arsenals, federal lawmakers are pressing the Biden administration to investigate how U.S. parts and technology ended up in what has fast become one of the most popular models on the world market: Turkey\u2019s TB2.<\/p>\n<p>Manufactured by the Turkish firm Baykar Technology, the TB2 can hover high above a battlefield and strike targets with laser-guided missiles. Baykar has maintained that the TB2s are domestically produced, with nearly all of the parts coming from within Turkey. But, as ProPublica reported this month, wreckage from downed drones in multiple conflicts has shown otherwise. A range of components were made by manufacturers in the U.S., Canada and Europe.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 848px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-5384-1\" width=\"848\" height=\"464\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/whia.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u062e\u062e\u062e.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/whia.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u062e\u062e\u062e.mp4\">https:\/\/whia.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u062e\u062e\u062e.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To learn more, Rep. Tony C\u00e1rdenas, D-Calif., recently introduced an amendment to the House version of the National Defense Authorization Act. The annual budgeting bill is often an opportunity for lawmakers to require reports from the administration on pressing issues, and C\u00e1rdenas focused on the TB2, highlighting Azerbaijan\u2019s deployment of the weapon in its 2020 war against neighboring Armenia over the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. Images of drone wreckage published by local media outlets and the Armenian military at the time showed parts that matched those made by several U.S.-based companies. Some of those firms told ProPublica they had taken steps to stop direct sales to Turkey, but others continue to sell key parts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Turkey has ramped up TB2 exports in recent years. At least 14 countries now own the drones, and 16 others are seeking to purchase them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cWe\u2019ve been paying close attention to Turkey\u2019s drone sales and how these weapons have been deployed around the world,\u201d C\u00e1rdenas told ProPublica in a statement. \u201cI\u2019m troubled about the destabilizing effects we\u2019re seeing and the human rights concerns that follow, especially in places like Nagorno Karabakh. We need a full accounting of the role U.S manufactured parts are playing so that Congress can conduct proper oversight.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If enacted, the legislation would require the Defense Department, in consultation with the State Department, to produce a report on U.S. parts in the TB2s used in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and any potential violations of export laws, sanctions or other regulations. Neither the Turkish Embassy in Washington nor Baykar Technology returned requests for comment for this story. Previously, when asked about the source of key components in its drones, Baykar did not respond to specific questions and would only say those queries were based on unspecified \u201cfalse accusations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At issue are U.S. export laws. Typically, military parts are strictly controlled, requiring licenses from the State Department detailing their buyers and end uses. But many of the key components in the TB2 are commercial-grade technologies, which are found in a variety of consumer products and not subject to arms laws. And as a member of key global anti-arms compacts, Turkey can easily import the off-the-shelf parts, avoiding a web of sanctions and restrictions intended to curb the efforts of countries like Iran and China, which also operate drone programs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Some critics have called on the Biden administration to crack down on Turkey. Other countries, including Canada, have previously instituted export bans to keep key parts from flowing. But for the U.S., experts say, there are a number of diplomatic considerations. Turkey is a long-standing NATO ally. And, more recently, the TB2 has emerged as a critical tool in places like Ukraine, where the country\u2019s military has used it to battle Russian forces \u2014 a fact that the drone maker, Baykar, has repeatedly emphasized in media coverage of the conflict. \u201cI think it is one of the symbols of resistance,\u201d Sel\u00e7uk Bayraktar, the firm\u2019s chief technology officer, told CNN. \u201cIt gives them hope.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elsewhere, however, the TB2 is far less revered. In fact, it has been used to kill not just soldiers but civilians, drawing the ire of various governments and human rights groups.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In 2019, for example, Turkey sent the drones to the Tripoli-based Government of National Accord in Libya, despite a United Nations arms embargo. The U.N. said the weapon then helped transform a \u201clow-intensity, low-technology\u201d fight there into a bloody conflict. In Ethiopia, amid a war with rebels, the government used TB2s in airstrikes that have killed dozens of civilians, including those living in a camp for displaced people.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Biden administration officials raised concerns about drone use in the Ethiopia conflict with their Turkish counterparts but stopped short of taking action, despite an executive order authorizing them to impose sanctions against any party involved in the fighting.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This year\u2019s National Defense Authorization Act reflects America\u2019s tense relationship with Turkey. If signed into law, it would restrict the administration\u2019s efforts to sell F-16 fighter jets to the country. Lawmakers cited a number of recent moves by Turkey, including its opposition to Finland and Sweden joining NATO. \u201cHow do you reward a nation that does all of those things,\u201d Foreign Relations Committee Chair Sen. Robert Menendez, D-N.J., told Politico.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The House amendment on TB2s, introduced by C\u00e1rdenas and co-sponsored by 19 others, represents the second attempt in the past year to put the Turkish drone program on the White House\u2019s radar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Last year, lawmakers sought a similar mandate for a report on U.S. parts and technology used in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. One version of the 2021 amendment, introduced by Menendez, called for a broad assessment of the TB2s, their sales since 2018 and U.S. parts used in them. The final version, however, was watered down. It did not name the Turkish drone or Turkey specifically, and it asked the Biden administration to look generally into American \u201cweapon systems or controlled technology\u201d used in the 2020 Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict. ProPublica found that the Turkish government had hired lobbyists to discuss the drones issue with lawmakers at the time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Under the law, that report was due in June, but the Defense Department has yet to release it. A spokesperson told ProPublica this month that it was \u201cout for final review with pertinent stakeholders.\u201d The department did not respond to subsequent requests for an update on when that review would be complete.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">To some administration critics, the delay is another indication of Turkey\u2019s clout in Washington.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cTaking something off the shelf and using it to patch together a weapon might not technically cross a legal line, but it should be of concern,\u201d said Aram Hamparian, executive director of the Armenian National Committee of America, a pro-Armenia lobbying group that has called for a range of measures against Turkey. \u201cIt should be addressed as part of our general U.S.-Turkey relationship, and I\u2019m not sure it is. I think they get a free pass on it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Senate is expected to finalize its version of the National Defense Authorization Act in the coming months.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Source: ProPublica<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Senate is expected to finalize its version of the National Defense Authorization Act in the coming months.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5385,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[142,199,128],"tags":[676,154,145],"series":[1027],"coauthors":[238],"class_list":["post-5384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-most-important-topics-en","category-top-stories","category-updates-en","tag-drones","tag-turkey-en","tag-usa-en","series-whia-synergy"],"episode_featured_image":"https:\/\/whia.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/bbb-1-scaled-e1659196120237.jpg","episode_player_image":"https:\/\/whia.us\/wp-content\/plugins\/seriously-simple-podcasting\/assets\/images\/no-album-art.png","download_link":"","player_link":"","audio_player":false,"episode_data":{"playerMode":"dark","subscribeUrls":{"apple_podcasts":{"key":"apple_podcasts","url":"","label":"Apple Podcasts","class":"apple_podcasts","icon":"apple-podcasts.png"},"stitcher":{"key":"stitcher","url":"","label":"Stitcher","class":"stitcher","icon":"stitcher.png"},"google_podcasts":{"key":"google_podcasts","url":"","label":"Google Podcasts","class":"google_podcasts","icon":"google-podcasts.png"},"spotify":{"key":"spotify","url":"","label":"Spotify","class":"spotify","icon":"spotify.png"}},"rssFeedUrl":"https:\/\/whia.us\/en\/feed\/podcast\/whia-synergy","embedCode":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"hD5mCVT5re\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whia.us\/en\/5384\/\">U.S. Lawmakers Demand Federal Scrutiny of Turkey\u2019s Dron<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/whia.us\/en\/5384\/embed\/#?secret=hD5mCVT5re\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" title=\"&#8220;U.S. Lawmakers Demand Federal Scrutiny of Turkey\u2019s Dron&#8221; &#8212; WHIA in Arabic\" data-secret=\"hD5mCVT5re\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n\/*! 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